Hotline: Ms. NhiThe purpose of the research was to dictate the connection anywhere between years, Body mass index, and you will reputation away from lead, and you may hardness and you will suppleness of the SCM and upper trapezius (UT) human body inside the mature people. These types of superficial shoulder human anatomy was indeed selected simply because they have demostrated all the way down sensitiveness so you can atrophy and you will relatively intact pattern regarding activity around the lifetime versus limb human anatomy 23 . Up until now, zero sample has been made to determine changes in biomechanical details regarding shallow neck system with ageing, while the alterations may become an important predictor away from biological years. Since Body mass index, submit lead present and you may muscle hardness have been shown to end up being enhanced and you may muscle suppleness to get reduced from inside the old some body, we hypothesized that the techniques create come from the first adulthood and you will continue ages. I as well as checked-out brand new theory that many years may be the most powerful predictor affecting neck muscles technical details.
Participants
The study involved 95 volunteers at 
various stages of life who met the inclusion criteria. Only healthy women over the 20 years of age, without pain in the cervical spine and neck over the last 6 months (VAS <3, NDI <8%/4 points), who did not undertake any regular physical activity during the last year were recruited. Only women were recruited, as they have potentially different distribution of adipose tissue in the muscle system than men 31,32 , as well as potentially different composition of muscle fibres 20 . Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) neurological deficits, (2) pathological musculoskeletal dysfunctions i.e. spinal deformities such as torticollis, scoliosis (visible rib hump), osteoporosis, or visible kyphotic deformities of the spine being a consequence of serious disease such as Scheuermann disease, Gibbus deformity or ankylosing spondylitis, (3) acute and chronic pain syndromes in the region of the neck and shoulders, (4) previous surgical procedures in the region of the chest, shoulder girdle and cervical spine. We also excluded women taking myorelaxants and other drugs that may affect the muscle tissue properties. One hundred sixty nine participants meeting the inclusion criteria responded to the study announcement. After completing the questionnaire and conducting an interview, 74 women who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded.
The participants was sought certainly one of children, employees out-of universities, private calculating centres and you will providers plus folks from elder worry land. Participants was in fact employed based on questionnaire in which subjective assessment out of health and free-time regarding physical exercise account had been included according to the Stanford Short term Interest Questionnaire 33 . Brand new Shine sort of Neck Disability List Questionnaire 34 , and you may concentration of the modern pain town having fun with an artwork analog level (VAS) had been analyzed.
The fresh Institutional Feedback Board of Poznan College or university off Medical Sciences accepted the study. The newest fresh methods had been conducted inside the conformity toward Declaration out-of Helsinki. The relevant advice and you will guidelines of local institute was indeed strictly implemented when carrying out the study. For each participant signed the best agree form in advance of contribution.
Processes
After meeting anthropometric actions, the newest measurements of myofascial cells stiffness and you may elasticity have been made having fun with the fresh new MyotonPro® device (Myoton Due to the fact, Tallinn, Estonia). New assessment had been used when you look at the a sitting position with the a chair which have hand place over knee joints. The latest victims were expected to look at a comfortable seated position, normal to own everyday routine, also to desire the eyes on the deal with-to-deal with screen for several minutes. 1st, UT immediately after which SCM muscle is actually checked out. The fresh proportions have been did basic on the right, after which for the remaining side of the body. The UT try checked-out in the field of the newest cervical triangle, right in front of the muscle tissue, on the line hooking up the brand new acromion and you will C7 spinous procedure (Fig. 1). New SCM was tested during the a point receive halfway within installation toward anterior surface regarding manubrium sterni together with mastoid procedure for this new temporary bone, in a location where one another body brains was connected (Fig. 2). Each time, the fresh probe (step three mm diameter) of unit is actually set perpendicular for the body out of surface having lingering preload (0.18 N). Size of mechanical muscle details have been performed just after, from the same assessor. The investigations and dimensions took place inside another type of vibrant rooms (temp. 18–twenty-two °C), regarding the middle of the few days in the morning.
